작지만, 치과 웨지는 회복 치과에서 대체 할 수없는 역할을합니다. 그들은 주로 치아 분리에 사용됩니다, 매트릭스 밴드를 안정화하고 수복물의 가장자리를 형성합니다. 재료와 디자인에 따라, 웨지의 임상 성능과 사용은 다양합니다. 이 기사에서, 우리는 체계적으로 유형을 분석 할 것입니다 치과 웨지, 그들의 재료 특성, 그들의 주요 기능과 충전 및 복원에서의 적용.
1. 치과 웨지 및 재료 특성의 유형
플라스틱 치과 웨지
재료: 종종 의료 폴리 프로필렌으로 만들어졌습니다 (pp), 유연한.
장점:
- 적당한 탄력성은 잇몸의 압력을 감소시킵니다.
- 고온에서 멸균 될 수 있으며 재사용에 적합합니다..
단점:
- 제한된 지원, 사례에 적합하지 않습니다 깊은 충치 또는 단단한 간격.
샘플 디스플레이:
- 치과 웨지 가드 (GD-5675): rblade가있는 구멍
세 가지 크기: 큰/중간/작은
- 적응 형 웨지 (GD-5677): 확고한 내부 플라스틱 코어, 실리콘으로 덮여 있습니다
- 수지 치과 웨지 (GD-5678): 4 개의 크기, XS/S/M/L
- 다이아몬드 웨지 (GD-5679): 일곱 크기, x-small/small/medium/large/deep/l-medium/l-large
- 툴와르 웨지 (GD-5680): 세 가지 크기, 중소/중간/큰
나무 치과 웨지
재료: 대부분 자작 나무 나 소나무, 멸균. 수분 함량이있는 자작 나무 웨지 12% 최대까지 확장 할 수 있습니다 18.7% ~에 30 치은 유체 환경에서 분. 이 적응 형 속성은 노인 환자의 치은 불황 사례에 특히 적합합니다.. 하지만, 주의를 기울여야합니다: 과잉 확장은 치주 막에 과도한 압력을 초래할 수 있습니다., 수술 후 감도를 유발합니다.
장점:
- 자연스럽게 흡수 및 팽창성, 수술 중 갭에 더 잘 맞습니다.
- 엄격한, 클래스 II 공동의 고강도 지원에 적합합니다.
단점:
- 쓸 수 없는, 과잉 확장은 불편 함을 유발할 수 있습니다.
샘플 디스플레이:
다른 유형
- 금속 웨지: 희귀한, 전체 크라운 준비 또는 특별한 회복 시나리오에 일반적으로 사용.
- 실리콘 웨지: 부드럽고 유연합니다, 미적 수복에 적합합니다, 그러나 더 비싸다.
2. 치아 웨지의 세 가지 핵심 기능
치아 분리
- 인접한 이빨을 일시적으로 분리합니다 0.2-0.5 작동 공간을 만들기위한 가벼운 기계적 힘이있는 mm.
- 이것은 돌출되지 않고 복원을 방지하고 이웃 지점의 자연스러운 모양을 복원합니다..
- 임상 연구는 웨지의 적절한 사용이 음식 충격의 위험을 최대까지 줄일 수 있음을 보여줍니다. 60%.
매트릭스 밴드 안정화
- 치과 웨지는 성형 조각을 고정하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다, 회복 재료의 누출 방지 및 이상적인 윤곽을 형성.
- 공동 II 복원: 와의 조합 매트릭스 밴드 안정화는 고전적인 솔루션입니다.
- 캐비티 클래스 v 수복물: 일반적으로 곡선 성형 플레이트와 함께.
Gum protection and hemostasis
- Dental wedges can provide a certain degree of protection above the gums.
- After the dental wedge is inserted into the tooth, it will exert a slight pressure on the gum, reducing bleeding during the operation.
3. Application Skills in Filling and Repair
올바른 쐐기를 선택하는 방법
| 기준 | 권장 웨지 유형 |
|---|---|
| 좁은 공간 공간 | 나무 웨지, it’s expand and fit together after getting wet |
| 넓은 공간 공간 | 플라스틱 쐐기, elastic fit |
| 가벼운 수지 | Clear plastic wedges, facilitate light penetration |
| 아말감 충전 | 나무 웨지, it can offer stronger support |
Insert the Angle and direction
The dental wedge should be inserted obliquely into the interdental space from the lingual or buccal side of the tooth, and the Angle should be controlled at 30° to 45°. The core purpose of this Angle design is to avoid the gum tissue, prevent direct compression or scratching of the gum during vertical insertion, and reduce the risk of postoperative gum redness, swelling and bleeding.
Insertion depth control
The top of the wedge should be slightly higher than the edge of the restoration by approximately 0.5mm. This reserved space is designed to compensate for the shrinkage during the curing process of subsequent filling materials (수지와 같은), ensuring that the material can closely adhere to the edge of the tooth after curing and avoiding the formation of gaps that could lead to secondary caries.
Clinical precautions
Avoid excessive pressure on the gums: 수술 중, the insertion force of the dental wedge should be controlled. Excessive pressure can damage the attachment relationship between the gums and the teeth, which may cause postoperative gum recession. Clinical statistics show that the incidence of such complications is approximately 3% 에게 7%.
Precise positioning of the insertion position: If the dental wedge is inserted at an offset position (such as being too close to the occlusal surface or the root tip direction), it may cause the contact points of adjacent teeth to be too loose, thereby affecting the stability of the normal occlusal relationship. Patients may experience problems such as weak bite and food impaction.
Actual case: Repair of deep wedge-shaped defect
Taking the repair of a deep wedge-shaped defect of the left lower first premolar as an example, the specific operation and therapeutic effect are as follows:
- Preoperative assessment: The patient was a 45-year-old adult. The cervical defect of the left lower first premolar had reached the deep dentin, accompanied by obvious cold and heat sensitivity symptoms. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the sensitivity degree, with a score of 6/10.
- Key operation techniques: 첫 번째, use the No. 00 gingival line for gingival drainage treatment. 그 다음에, insert a pre-moistened pine wedge and let it stand for 15 minutes until it fully expands to widen the tooth gap. 다음, fluid resin is used as the base, and then 3M Z350XT resin is used for layered filling. The wedges should be retained until the resin has initially cured before being removed to prevent material deformation during the filling process.
- Postoperative efficacy: The patient was followed up for one year after the operation. The examination showed that the integrity rate of the restoration reached 98%, with no loosening, detachment or secondary caries. The patient’s cold and heat sensitivity symptoms completely disappeared, and the occlusal function returned to normal.
4. Purchasing Criteria for Dental Wedges
재료 안전 우선 순위
Core certification standards
The material and sterilization treatment of the wedge must comply with professional medical standards. Different materials correspond to clear certification requirements:
- 플라스틱 웨지: Must have FDA (Food and Drug Administration of the United States) or CE (European Union Product Safety Certification) medical-grade polymer certification. The core needs to avoid harmful substances such as phthalates, which may migrate through contact and pose potential health risks. Compliance certification is the key basis for ensuring the safety of materials.
- 나무 웨지: A complete EO (ethylene oxide) sterilization report must be provided, and the report should clearly state that the biological load is ≤10⁻⁶ (즉., the probability of microbial survival after sterilization does not exceed one in a million), ensuring that there are no pathogenic bacteria remaining before use to avoid cross-infection or postoperative inflammation.
Key points to avoid pitfalls in procurement
When purchasing, be cautious of non-medical grade products and especially reject “industrial wooden wedges” without any marking. Most of these products are made from leftover materials from industrial processing and have not undergone medical-grade treatment. They may contain harmful chemicals such as formaldehyde. When used, they not only easily irritate the gum tissue but may also be absorbed through the oral mucosa, posing a threat to the patient’s health. 게다가, there are no unified standards for their size and hardness, which cannot meet the precise operation requirements of dental restoration.
Maximize the size fit rate
When choosing wedges, it is necessary to combine the actual clinical needs and maximize the size fit rate through “preoperative assessment + multi-specification reserve”.
Before the operation, the size of the required wedge should be initially determined based on the width of the interdental gap of the affected tooth (such as the interdental caries gap, wedge-shaped defect gap) and the tooth morphology (such as deciduous teeth and permanent teeth, normal teeth and inclined teeth).
It is recommended to stock up on multiple sizes of wedges (such as thin, 중간, 두꺼운, or thin and thick styles for special tooth gaps) to avoid poor fit due to insufficient single size, which may affect the gap opening effect or cause gum compression. This ensures that a matching model can be found for different cases, improving operational efficiency and restoration quality.
5. 결론
Although dental wedges are small in size and seem insignificant, they are indispensable “key supporting roles” in dental restoration operations. From material selection to standardized use, precise control over every link is not only the core guarantee for enhancing the stability of the restoration and reducing postoperative complications, but also can effectively improve the patient’s diagnosis and treatment experience and lay a foundation for a long-term good prognosis.
